# BPC-157 TB-500 references: the cited literature and FDA sources

> BPC-157 TB-500 references — the full citation register behind this digest, with PubMed links, DOIs, and the FDA 503A compounding sources cited on the regulatory page.

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of these entries — the peer-reviewed peptide literature and the FDA compounding sources behind the regulatory record.

## How this register is organized

These BPC-157 TB-500 references are the complete source list for the digest. Entries [1]-[10] are the peer-reviewed peptide literature behind the research, mechanism, and dosage pages. Entries [12]-[14] are the FDA compounding sources behind the regulatory record. Each carries a DOI or a direct PubMed or FDA URL so any claim can be traced to its origin.

The register is mounted here as a field-book's bibliography: author, year, journal, and identifier, set down plainly. Where a finding in the text is preclinical or single-compound, the source entry is the place to confirm the species and the model. The full citations are listed in the references section that follows.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[3] Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329672/
[4] Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074294/
[5] Cassimeris L, Safer D, Nachmias VT, Zigmond SH. Thymosin beta 4 sequesters the majority of G-actin in resting human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Cell Biol. 1992;119(5):1261-1270. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1447300/
[6] Tokura Y, et al. Muscle injury-induced thymosin beta4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts. J Biochem. 2011;149(1):43-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20880960/
[7] Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012;4(9):733-738. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/
[8] Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40756949/
[9] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[10] Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[12] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. (Category 2 entries for 'BPC-157' and 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500,' effective with the September 29, 2023 update; verified 2026-05-29.) https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[13] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. (Category definitions; the 503A/503B framework; the January 7, 2025 change to categorization of newly nominated substances; verified 2026-05-29.) https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[14] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. (Public calendar listing BPC-157 and TB-500, with KPV and MOTS-c, as bulk drug substances 'being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List' — a scheduled discussion, not a decision; verified 2026-05-29.) https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026

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A pressed-herbarium reading room for the BPC-157 and TB-500 literature — two peptides mounted as specimens and cited to source, with no clinic behind the field-book and nothing here for sale.